Theoretically, a fluoride battery using a low cost electrode and a liquid electrolyte can have energy densities as high as ~800 mAh/g and ~4800 Wh/L. [1] Fluoride battery technology is in an early stage of development, and as of 2024 there are no commercially available. . The pursuit of high-energy–density fluoride-ion batteries (FIBs) has been considerably accelerated by the escalating demand for energy storage solutions outperforming existing lithium-ion technologies. As a promising alternative, FIBs leverage fluorine—the most electronegative element—to attain. . Fluoride batteries (also called fluoride shuttle batteries) are a rechargeable battery technology based on the shuttle of fluoride, the anion of fluorine, as ionic charge carriers. This review article presents recent progress of the synthesis and application aspects of the cathode, electrolytes, and anode materials for fluoride-ion batteries. The evolution of FIB research can be traced back to the 1970s when initial concepts were proposed, but. .
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