By integrating portable energy storage capabilities with charging functions, Mobile Energy Storage enables on-demand power supply for EVs without relying heavily on grid upgrades, making it a flexible complement to the existing charging network. . The peak-valley arbitrage is the main profit mode of distributed energy storage system at the user side (Zhao et al. The case studies and numerical results are given in Section. and the methods of earning income through peak-valley arbitrage in. . The most basic earnings: users can charge the energy storage battery at a cheaper valley tariff when the loads are at the low valley, and at the peak of the loads, the energy storage battery will supply power to the loads to realize the transfer of the peak loads, and obtain earnings from the peak. . Peak-valley arbitrage is one of the most common profit models for energy storage systems. In the electricity market, electricity prices fluctuate with changes in supply and demand.
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